They were unsuccessful at the trial court level, where the 1896 Supreme Court precedent in Plessy v.
Once the children had been refused admission to the schools designated for whites, the NAACP brought the lawsuit. For example, Linda Brown, the daughter of the named plaintiff, could have attended a white school several blocks from her house but instead was required to walk some distance to a bus stop and then take the bus for a mile to an African-American school. Each child was refused admission and directed to the African-American schools, which were much further from where they lived. In 1951, each of the families attempted to enroll the children in the school closest to them, which were schools designated for whites. The NAACP in Topeka sought to challenge this policy of segregation and recruited 13 Topeka parents to challenge the law on behalf of 20 children.
Based on an 1879 law, the Board of Education in Topeka, Kansas operated separate elementary schools for white and African-American students in communities with more than 15,000 residents.
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